French Words Starting With A, B and C

Persuasive Essay On Hunting - 939 Words

Hunting Hunting has been around since earth began. Early humans and animals hunted for a way of survival. Hunting is one of the unique ways to get exercise as well. Depending on the state you live in you may have to get a state license(s) in forward to hunt. Hunting is one of the few ways to keep animals away from unwanted areas, also it’s one of the ways to keep their population down. Many people like hunting since it’s fun to do and you learn how to survive in the wild. One of the pros of hunting is when you get your hunt licenses and you buy hunting equipment it helps purchase land for animals. If an animal is injured or starving you help them by killing them so they don’t have to suffer. The meat of the animal is usually eaten by†¦show more content†¦After completing and passing the course they must go and buy a hunting license. Federal laws prohibit the killing of migrating game. Just like pros, there are cons to hunting as well. Common animals can suffer from hunting. Mother bears are often shot while taking care of their cubs. When the mother dies the cub has little to no chance of surviving since it will be much harder to get food, and it will be easier for them to get killed by a predator. Several states allow hunters to hunt bears when they just got out of hibernation. This is unfair since the bears just woke up and are gonna get kill. There have been plenty of people who hunted wolves and bears and just left them on the ground to be eaten by birds. Sometimes the hunter will just take their pelts and leave the rest. The hunter is wasting meat they could have sold or have eaten themselves. Over Hunting can cause a species to go extinct or become endangered. Hunting can be dangerous, but if you involve alcohol then hunting can be way more dangerous. Lots of people have turned hunting into a sport which isn’t right. Like Trophy hunting it is wrong, especially if you hunt for rare and/or exotic animals. People should n’t hunt just for fun, hunting should be done to get food to eat. Not every animal you shoot once will die with that one bullet, this causes a lot of pain to the animal. Sometimes they will run away and hide. Also, some predators will attack back, like bears. Hunters prefer to hunt for the strongestShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Essay On Hunting1573 Words   |  7 Pagesmay say hunting is cruel and barbaric, have they ever thought about the upsides to be gained from hunting? While this is a topic that can be argued viciously back and forth, I believe hunters win the argument. Deer hunting keeps the population down, protects farmers’ crops, boosts economic sales, betters a person’s mental health, and teaches lifelong lessons on respect. These are just a few of the amazing benefits that can be gained from hunting. To further my knowledge on deer hunting and its usesRead MorePersuasive Essay On Hunting795 Words   |  4 PagesHunting is what humans do daily in order to survive and it also keeps nature sustainable. But overhunting can hurt this balance and cause a chain of negative reactions that affect the entire planet. This has been an ongoing debate on whether hunting is sustainable or hurtful towards the environment. One can compare Aldo Leopold’s â€Å"Thinking Like a Mountain† and Rick Bass’ â€Å"Why I Hunt† to determine if hunting today is a safe practice. Aldo Leopold describes hunting as something dark and terrible. HeRead MorePersuasive Essay About Hunting1923 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"Hunting as a family is by no means a new tradition. In fact, it used to be one of several traditional American family values(Staff).† Meals from Nature Anybody feel like voluntarily waking up at the crack of dawn just to sit in the middle of the woods in a blind and probably see nothing for hours on end? Wait, what if I add that it’ll be in the middle of winter so the temperature will not only be freezing, but you’ll also have a frost bite approved wind slapping at your face? No takers? I figuredRead MorePersuasive Essay About Hunting1905 Words   |  8 Pagesfigured that would be the response. You’d be surprised though, because when I was around five or six years old freezing temperatures and being stranded in the woods sounded like paradise, especially with my best friend, my Dad, was right there with me. Hunting is a normal, almost expected hobby of individuals from the South. Fathers will bring their sons, daughters, and wives along to a large plot of land and appreciate the beauty of the trees and the woodland creatures they’ve immersed themselves in. EquippedRead MorePersuasive Essay On Animal Bear Hunting1224 Words   |  5 PagesNotwithstanding, not only pets in animal shelters die every year, but also animals hunted in their natural habitats. The bear population seems threatened by a hunting season once again. It is not the first time that these species are endangered due to hunting. After a long time of recovering, the government is debating whether to legalize bear hunting or not. Moreover, the turtle population in Miami also seems threatened. Reckless drivers in rural areas have been killing turtles in their natural habitatsRead More Organization is Crucial When Making a Sound Argument Essay example1114 Words   |  5 PagesOrganization is Crucial When Making a Sou nd Argument The development of animal rights organizations in the past century has made hunting a heated topic for debate. Modernization has left the primitive form of hunting and gathering behind as an obsolete form of human survival. With this occurrence one would think that hunting would lose its popularity, but this statement couldn’t be farther from the truth. It has developed more as a sport and participation is still widespread throughoutRead MoreThe Lottery Essay870 Words   |  4 PagesBelieving in a passion can be persuasive to others. If one has a passion for something, there is an uncontrollable emotion about it. Everyone in the world is different, if it was not that way, the world would not go around. Someone may have a passion for something that another person can not stand. In â€Å"The Lottery,† there was a negative passion for people getting stoned. The emotions of others that did not get stoned were horrific for the one getting stoned to death. The fathe r in â€Å"Without TitleRead MoreWilliam Golding s Lord Of The Flies937 Words   |  4 Pagesto behave at home. Even after most of the boys, with jack in the lead, decided hunting and having fun was more important than anything, Ralph realized how important it was too sick by the rules he as chief had made. After Jack took a big group hunting and they let the fire go out Ralph tells them â€Å"I was chief, and you were going to do what I said. You talk.† â€Å"But you can’t even build huts then you go off hunting and let the fire out-â€Å", â€Å"There was a ship that passed.† (71) This shows Ralphs moralRead MorePersuasive Essay : Gun Control798 Words   |  4 PagesPersuasive Essay Did you know that in the United States almost 100,000 people are shot or killed with a gun in one year? 10,527 people die a year in handgun related incidents in the United States. This number, by far, outweighs the number of gun related deaths in countries such as Sweden, Great Britain, and Japan, which number 13, 22, and 87, respectively. What is the reason for such drastic differences in numbers? Sweden, Great Britain, and Japan are all countries that have stricter gun controlRead More‘the Absence of a Written Constitution ... Enables Constitutional Change to Be Brought About Within the United Kingdom with the Minimum of Constitutional Formality.’885 Words   |  4 PagesWorkshop 1: Preparatory Activities Activity 1 (essay plan re-done) ‘The absence of a written constitution ... enables constitutional change to be brought about within the United Kingdom with the minimum of constitutional formality.’ Consider the sources of the UK constitution and the methods by which it may be changed. Do you agree with Barnett’s views? The UK’s unwritten constitution, formed of Acts of Parliament [AoP], Royal Prerogative [RP], Constitutional Convention [CC] and Case

Descriptive free essay sample

Every year my family and I take a camping trip somewhere in the Olympic National Park. As soon as I see that sign saying â€Å"Welcome to the Olympic National Park† I get a tingly feeling in my stomach that makes me happy. I roll down the window and smell that wonderful campfire smell of roasted hot dogs and smores, I finally know I have reached my wonderful destination. When we first arrive we set up our tents at the campsite faster than elves making presents on Christmas Eve. I could hear the nice clean, glistening lake calling my name so I go for a swim. Every year I learn something new up there and the best thing I learned was how to fish and clean their scaly bodies. As the day grows old the temperature would go down and we make a fire that puts some warmth in the cold night air. We will write a custom essay sample on Descriptive or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We later cook some smores after we eat our hot dogs for dinner and oh man are those smores delicious. We tell stories before we go to bed and some of those stories are scary but I stopped getting scared after I was 11years old. The first night you always get the best sleep. The next day we always like to set up a game of horseshoes and have a little fun, just relaxing. The kids and I always go explore the campgrounds because we’re not at the same one every year. I always feel like the leader because I am the oldest kid out of all of the ones that go camping with us. After were done exploring we take a dip in the lake and call it a night. For the next couple days we always go hiking a little bit up in the mountains. I remember this one year we were hiking and I look up to my left and see a big black bear looked to weigh about 350 pounds. I was telling everyone to look and everybody got all freaked out but thankfully the bear wanted nothing to do with us and took off, from that day on we carry a gun with us every time we go hiking. As the week ends I get pretty sad but I still try to have a blast. There is this one rock that is like 60ft tall located towards the side of the lake and I always swim out to it and jump off it, it’s pretty fun but the lake water is so freezing because it runs off of a glacier. As we say goodbye to the campgrounds I leave with sadness but I also have to remember the good things and the fun things that we did while we were there. I also have to remember one very important thing; I’ll be back next year. Descriptive free essay sample Everywhere you look there is a fast food Joint. In America its all about convenience, but convenience has become hazard to our health. When we as adults have unhealthy eating habit, we hurt ourselves and our children. As a parent its important to set good eating habits and be active. There are plenty of statistics available that prove child obesity in America is at epidemic levels. One third of the nations children carry to much weight. There are lots of reasons why child obesity in America is on the rise. Doctors say there are two causes in creating obese children. First the children and teens are not eating the right kind of foods. Second, Americas children are getting less and less exercise. These two things are creating a generation of children who are facing adult health issues like, high cholesterol, diabetes and heart disease. Curing child obesity in America is not difficult as long as parents are willing to be responsible for teaching their children healthy lifestyles. We will write a custom essay sample on Descriptive or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The parent of an obese child must begin with in the family, to identify the problem, and make a plane for change. If an obese child eating habits dont change, it can cause them to be an obese teen. We as parents have to help make the change. Parents must cook nutritional balanced meals, eliminate high in fat and sugar snacks, teach portion control, pack healthy lunches, avoid fast food and help your child get physically active. Parents must teach by doing, which means parents must, themselves, also follow a nutritional and active lifestyle. Parents must become experts at child and teen nutrition and set a good example. To help your child means creating a step-by-step program of good nutrition and exercise.

Quality and Accountability in Healthcare Delivery

Question: Discuss about the Quality and Accountability in Healthcare Delivery. Answer: Introduction Back in 1980s, the majority of care to patients was provided by registered nurses (RNs) and licensed practical nurses (LPNs) with supportive assistance being provided by unregulated care providers (UCPs) such as porters and orderlies. (Haugen, Musser, 2012). The term unregulated care providers are used to define health care workers who are neither licensed nor regulated by any professional, regulatory or governmental body. (Hamilton, 2013) They may assist in providing care to clients in various hospital settings such as acute care, comprehensive rehabilitative, and community care. Here in Canada, some changes in the health care system have led to the emergence of new models of delivery of care. (Clarke, 2012) UCPs work has shifted from that of support models to that of assistive roles with a primary focus on patient care. This increased reliance on UCPs in health care areas is related to greater need to control costs in health, shortage in staff and the dynamic changes in the delive ry of health care in the aging population. An expanding body of research recommends that the collaborative framework within the health providers will assist in managing increased workloads, reducing waiting times and improving health outcomes for clients. However, most research has concentrated on the relationship among the health specialists with increased questions as to the effectiveness of UCPs within a team-based care approaches in health activities. This questions include, what may be the implications of units made up of both UCPs and regulated health providers? What strategies optimize and maintain the roles of both licensed and unregulated care providers? Are there concerns that commonly put across both disciples, jurisdictions, and settings? (Clarke, 2012) Due to the rapid increase in aging of the worlds population, UCPs are emerging to be an important health care workforce in the care of older adults. There exist similarities in the ways nurses work here in Brazil and that of Canada concerning UCPs. Developed and developing nations are facing numerous challenges due to the increased aging health care workforce and population. Therefore, the increasing age of population and shortage of health providers has led to increasing demand for UCPs to provide care in both our countries. The major similarities are that both countries are ethnically diverse and large, consist of democratic governance, a multi-dynamic culture and a stable economy. They also consist of a universal system of health that meets the needs of their entire population. Regarding differences, Canada is developed and underpopulated while Brazil is populous and a middle-income country. (Veras et al., 2016) Nurses have to understand the health care system of both their country of origin and that of Canada for effective planning and delivery of health care in these two countries. The cost of health services is growing fast, and also there is increased attention to the impact of the growing and aging population. The health care system in Canada is based on the five principles of the health act which include; comprehensiveness, portability, and universality of the system. Other factors are the accessibility of health services and public administration. (McIntosh, Forest, Marchildon, 2014) On the other hand, the Brazilian health system is divided into sectors that include; private, public and unified public health system that are mainly financed by private funds. (Veras et al., 2016) Nurses understanding of these differences and similarities is vital as it enhances their knowledge on such shifts in their day to day care of patients both in the home and community settings. It is in the nurse's approach in the work environment to ensure that the various models support and sustain their roles and enhance safe client care. These models facilitate the enactment of legislation of nurse to patient ratios along with regulation of UCPs. The evolvement of nursing practice between ones country of origin to Canada should be based on issues that are identified in the description and roles of unregulated health workers (UHWs). These issues include; lack of statistics on UCPs, inconsistent titles of UHWs, insufficient education/training and lack of employer standardization in regulation. (Storch, 2013) Therefore, as members of a regulated profession, nurses within a specified country need to understand their roles and responsibilities and be held accountable when working with UHWs. This is particularly when in close involvement of delegating nursing tasks and procedures. This evolving approach is justifiable by the fact that UHWs do not possess certain characteristics, unlike licensed or registered professionals. UCPs lack attributes such as; a legislated scope of practice, set of professional standards for practice, titles, a mandatory requirement of equipment and a professional conduct review process. These attributes are intended to ensure the public receives the highest standard of individualized care which includes safe, competent and ethical care for the clients. (Storch, 2013) UCPs may be taught through either the instructional or vocational training to function in the assisting role or may possess no formal training and learn on the job. Nurses should be familiar with various regulatory approaches concerning the standards of nursing practice of the nursing profession in their country and that which they are working currently. This knowledge helps them address concerns in nursing practice and clarify accountability of UHWs and other strategies such as clarifying the responsibility of the employer and standardizing curriculum. Positive implications have been identified in the health care system about the evolving work approaches among UCPs and regulated health providers. First, there is an evident increase in the role of UHCWs in the care of the clients in the health population. This care is evidenced by their scope of practice which includes; health promotion, light keeping and individualized care, integrated care, mental health and physical rehabilitation. Collaborative care is enhanced by the active participation of the various disciplines in the provision of patient and client care. There is an increase in effective communication as an implication in the various approaches by the nurse when working with UCPs. This approaches such as the awareness of other members communication style and thought processes are essential in the development of a collaborative relationship among health care workers. (Kortes-Miller, Jones-Bonofiglio, Hendrickson, Kelley, 2015) A team approach should aim in maximizing the skills of all the involved members and deter a repetition of service delivery thus enhancing the productivity of the health workforce. The various health approaches have therefore lead to increased cooperation and coordination among the care providers. Lastly, there is increased responsibility and accountability for the health professionals. Defined guidelines and protocols help reduce uncertainties and outline a supportive structure which is specific to the various health settings. The roles of UHWs must be well known by the regulated professionals for effective and safe care. This will ensure concern of the licensed and regulated health providers concerning their accountability and responsibility in such cases as the delegation of tasks or procedures to the UCPs. Various regulatory bodies have developed tools and protocols that provide guidance on the roles and scope of UHWs. A good example of such a protocol is the practical guideline o n the utilization of unregulated care providers which is provided by the College of Nurses of Ontario. (Das, 2015) Conclusion The inter-relationships of various factors are specific to determine where a certain clinical responsibility falls for a specific category of a health care provider. A quality client outcome is outlined by the ability to assign, supervise and delegate appropriately and also by realizing when and how to follow up patients. RNs and LPNs should, therefore, be aware of their roles, responsibilities and related accountability when dealing with unregulated workers. Following the key issues outlined in this essay, it is true to say that, registered and UCPs should work together to advance the health for all individuals for positive health outcomes. Today, UCPs work in various settings that include traditional and modern health care surroundings with a wide variety of clients. Nurses are also obliged to work together to improve practice and policy settings for the creation of professional environments for collaborative client-centered care. References Clarke, J. (2012). Health, illness, and medicine in Canada. Don Mills, Ont.: Oxford University Press. Das, J. (2015). Quality and accountability in healthcare delivery (1st ed.). [Washington, D.C.]: World Bank. Hamilton, H. (2013). Unregulated care workers the thin edge of the wedge. Collegian, 4(2), 3. doi.org/10.1016/s1322-7696(08)60213-9 Haugen, D., Musser, S. (2012). Health care (1st ed.). Farmington Hills, MI: Greenhaven Press. Janes, N., Sidani, S., Cott, C., Rappolt, S. (2014). Figuring it Out in the Moment: A Theory of Unregulated Care Providers' Knowledge Utilization in Dementia Care Settings. Worldviews On Evidence-Based Nursing, 5(1), 13-24.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6787.2008.00114.x Kortes-Miller, K., Jones-Bonofiglio, K., Hendrickson, S., Kelley, M. (2015). Dying With Carolyn: Using Simulation to Improve Communication Skills of Unregulated Care Providers Working in Long-Term Care. Journal Of Applied Gerontology, 35(12), 1259-1278.doi.org/10.1177/0733464815577139 McIntosh, T., Forest, P., Marchildon, G. (2014). Changing health care in Canada (1st ed.). Toronto [Ont.]: University of Toronto Press. McIntosh, T., Forest, P., Marchildon, G. (2014). The governance of health care in Canada (1st ed.). Toronto [Ont.]: University of Toronto Press. Storch, J. (2013). Casualization of nurses and unregulated workers impair ethical practice. International Nursing Review, 45(5), 140-141.doi.org/10.1046/j.1466-7657.45.no.5issue341.4.x Veras, M., Paquet, N., Oliveira, E., Zakus, D., Deonandan, R., Pottie, K. (2016). Unregulated health care workers in the care of aging populations: Similarities and differences between Brazil and Canada. Family Medicine And Community Health, 4(1), 3-14. doi.org/10.15212/fmch.2015.0113

Approaching Japan through the Study of Consumption

Australia Pestle Essays

Australia Pestle Essays Australia Pestle Essay Australia Pestle Essay Australia and Fosters Well to begin with Australia, worldâ„ ¢s smallest continent ¦came into worlâ„ ¢d view in 1901 when the six colonies federated and became the Commonwealth of Australia. Political Environment Type of Government system:- The form of government used in Australia is a Constitutional Monarchy â€Å" Constitutionalâ„ ¢ because the powers and procedures of the Commonwealth Government are defined by a written constitution, and Monarchyâ„ ¢ because Australiaâ„ ¢s Head of State is Queen Elizabeth II. In Australia rule making powers are distributed between the Commonwealth, six States and two Territories: New South Wales, (NSW) Victoria, Queensland, Western Australia, South Australia, Tasmania, the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) and Northern Territory (see map â€Å" Norfolk Island Territory has also been given some local rule making powers by the national government) (Australiaâ„ ¢s government system is a liberal democratic one a political system that has free elections, a multiplicity of political parties, political decisions made through an independent legislature, and an independent judiciary, with a state monopoly on law enforcement , in short a system working in the interest of the citizens.) Control structure of Australia:- The Australian government structure is quite centralized as major areas such as taxation, defence, foreign affairs, postal and telecommunications services are managed by the federal government while rest of the matters such as police, hospitals, education and public transport are taken care of by the state and local government. Benefit of centralization Things run more smoothly and decisions take less time. There is strong power centrally located so problems are just altogether swiftly executed. Centralized government means that one body makes all the important decisions for the nation or state, and handles all responsibiliites, it is best for smaller nations that dont have much territory to control, therefore must keep everything tight and concentrated. POLITICAL PARTIES:- Three political parties dominate the center of the Australian political spectrum. 1) The Liberal Party (LP), nominally representing urban business interests, and its smaller coalition partner. 2) The Nationals, nominally representing rural interests, are the more conservative parties. 3) The Australian Labor Party nominally represents workers, trade unions, and left-of-center groups. Julia Gillard Prime Minister of Australia â€Å" Member of which party What is that partyâ„ ¢s morals and how it would impact the country Economic Environment For Australia, the terms of trade are at their highest level since the early 1950s, and national income is growing strongly as a result. In the household sector thus far, there continues to be a degree of caution in spending and borrowing, which has led to a noticeable increase in the saving rate. Asset values have generally been little changed over recent months and overall credit growth remains quite subdued, notwithstanding evidence of some greater willingness to lend. Employment growth has been very strong over the past year, though some leading indicators suggest a more moderate pace of expansion in the period ahead. After the significant decline last year, growth in wages has picked up somewhat, as had been expected. Some further increase is likely over the coming year. From 1980â„ ¢s many structural reforms were witnessed which transformed Australia from a conservative, highly protected and regulated market place to an open, internationally competitive, export-oriented economy. Since the 1980s, Australia has undertaken significant structural reform of its economy and has transformed itself from an inward-looking, highly protected, and regulated marketplace to an open, internationally competitive, export-oriented economy. Many economic reforms were undertaken resulting in economic liberalization for the country. They were:- 1) Unilaterally reducing high tariffs and other protective barriers to free trade 2) Floating the Australian Dollar The advantages of floating rates include automatic stabilisation of the exchange rate. Floating rates offer greater flexibility of trade Will have to take explanation on the concept of Floating currency 3) Deregulating the financial services sector including liberalizing access for foreign banks 4) Reforming the taxation system including introducing a broad based Goods and Services Tax (GST) and large reductions in income tax rates. Australia is a mixed economy, with major state-owned enterprises in communications, transport, banking, energy generation and health services, as well as privately owned enterprises in the same areas. In common with capitalist economies such as the UK and New Zealand, Australian governments are reducing these activities by privatizing state-operated businesses. (Australias economy is dominated by its services sector, yet its economic success is based on abundance of agricultural and mineral resources. Australias comparative advantage in the export of primary products is a reflection of the natural wealth of the Australian continent and its small domestic market. (ENVIRONMENTAL BACKGROUND POINT) Social Environment Australia has a diverse culture and lifestyle. It reflects liberal democratic traditions and values. This diverse culture is because of millions of migrants who are settled in Australia from a long time. When people migrate to new place they spread their culture and knowledge also. Australia is a unique blend of different traditions and cultures. Australiaâ„ ¢s original inhabitants were the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples; they have been living in Australia for at least 60,000 years. The rest of the Australia has migrants or descendants of migrants who have arrived in Australia from all across the globe. In the year 1945, Australiaâ„ ¢s population was around 7 million, but today it is more than 21 million people. These migrants have enriched Australian culture; it has influenced traditional customs, lifestyle, education system, culture and arts. It has turned society in many ways creating a broader outlook. The defining feature of Australia is not only its diversity but it is the extent to which they are united despite of differences in culture. Australian laws allow everyone to express their culture and customs. Over the years the rate at which the GDP of Australia has improved, GPI i.e. Genuine Progress Indicator reflected a minimal growth. So what is the catch in this point This indicates that higher economic growth and social growth didnâ„ ¢t go hand in hand. Its high economic growth did not have much impact on the welfare and quality of life of Australians. An overview if Australia definitely gives a nice view with higher standard of living and longer life expectancies however this is true for certain groups in Australian society. While searching for the details I was looking for some positive notes but came across this data which changes the mindset and gives a totally different view of Social envt of Australia. There are still certain groups in Australian society under the burden of unemployment, poverty, homelessness and inadequate housing, education and health. Socio-demographic change is an important factor underpinning many of the trends and issues analysed in the following pages. Australiaâ„ ¢s population is ageing, increasingly mobile, more and more reliant on overseas migration for population growth as fertility rates decline, and organised in increasingly diverse ways with a fall in overall household size and growth in diverse family and household formations. Immigration Australia has one of the highest immigration rates of all developed countries, and has sustained high immigration for most of the past 60 years Traditionally, Australia has relied on immigration to sustain economic growth For most industries, population growth means market growth, and some industries, particularly the residential construction industry, have a very strong interest in high immigration levels. Even the government finds immigration attractive it helps keep the population young, thus maintaining a high proportion of tax-paying working Australians and a comparatively lower number of older Australians drawing pensions and health care benefits. AGEING POPULATION An aging population can have a significant impact on society in Australia. In one of the sources it was mentioned that by the year 2027, there will be a marked increase in the number of Australians over sixty four years of age. Another cause of Australiaâ„ ¢s aging population is improved life expectancies. The first positive economic effect on the Australian economy will be economic growth and expansion. As older generations tendency to save more in the form of investments in financial sector will act as an injection into the economy causing the economy to expand. The second positive economic effect on the Australian economy will be increased government spending which will lead to economic growth It is important to take into account the negative effects that an aging population could give rise to. Which is nothing but an indication of rise in unemployment a negative sign for any economy. Australias population, like that of most developed countries, is ageing as a result of sustained low fertility and increasing life expectancy. This is resulting in proportionally fewer children (under 15 years of age) in the population. Over the next several decades, population ageing is projected to have significant implications for Australia, including for health, labour force participation, housing and demand for skilled labour. Technological Environment Research and development Australiaâ„ ¢s strong business performance in recent years has been underpinned by a record of innovation and a longstanding commitment to research and development (RD), aimed at increasing productivity, building new markets and boosting international competitiveness. The Australian Government supports RD through direct funding as well as providing significant tax concessions to encourage private sector investment. RD priority areas include information and communications technology (ICT), biotechnology, manufacturing, mining and the food industry. Technology greatly impacts on farming in Australia. Scientific and technical advances have helped to make Australian farmers some of the worlds leaders in efficiency and productivity. As previously said, Australiaâ„ ¢s economy is dominated by the Service sector. And this is visible through the Information and communications technology The telecommunications sector in Australia has undergone a significant transformation in the past decade ¦ The Internet and e-commerce have boosted the international competitiveness of Australian businesses. Many Australian firms are now using internet technology to expand into new foreign markets. Important research is also being conducted by the Australian Government-funded Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) ICT Centre. This research focuses on innovation that creates a competitive advantage for Australia and leads to globally adopted solutions. Australia is today well connected, both domestically and internationally, with a modern fibre-optic backbone, satellite coverage and an extensive mobile network. Over the past two decades, Australia has failed to build significant positions in the technological revolution that has transformed the global economy. In high-tech industries such as software and electronics Australia has been left behind, and in emerging sectors such as biotechnology, it threatens to be. There is no intrinsic reason for Australias poor innovation performance. Australia is not less entrepreneurial than other developed countries or less scientifically creative. We have the human and financial resources. The challenge is to ensure policy settings provide the right incentives to encourage and develop frontier technologies such as biotechnology and nanotechnology, as well as ensuring the diffusion and upgrading of new technologies within established industries. The CEDA report contains analysis of Australias recent innovation performance by a group of leading innovation experts. Key findings include: Australia has failed to develop financial and organisational vehicles capable of managing the inherently risky nature of investment in technological innovation, which is characterized by far greater levels of risk than routine production. In no successful economy is innovation risk managed by markets alone. Nations that have established sets of institutions to achieve risk-sharing have succeeded in innovating in complex and uncertain fields such as software, electronics and the life sciences. Those that havent developed such national systems of innovation have failed to build those industries. In almost no country other than Australia does the stock market attempt to finance innovation in its early phases. If Australia wishes to participate in technology creation (as opposed to simply consuming technology) appropriate risk management vehicles need to be developed. Policy attention has tended to focus on science-based industries with high levels of direct RD and strong links to universities (such as computing, electronics, pharmaceuticals and biotechnology). While these high-tech industries are very important and can potentially act as transforming platforms, they are also very small (accounting for only 3 per cent of GDP in most OECD economies). The role of low and medium technology industries tends to be neglected. This is a serious failing. These industries (such as food processing, timber products, textiles, wine, mechanical engineering and services such as transport and health) are intensive users of RD and scientific knowledge. Economic growth is based not just on the creation of new sectors but on the internal transformation of sectors that already exist-that is, on continuous technological upgrading. Potential growth trajectories may rest as much on sectors such as engineering, food, wine and vehicles as on radically new sectors such as ICT or biotechnology. Australia has a conservative innovation system that is only slowly generating new paths of technological accumulation. The majority of innovation is incremental, involving improvements in products, processes and methods and is based on knowledge sourced from overseas. Despite a decade of strong economic growth, many standard indicators of innovation have been failing. While Australia has high levels of technological specialization in mining and agriculture and patenting in biotechnology and pharmaceuticals has grown rapidly over the past decade, we have one of the lowest levels of change in technological specialization among OECD countries. Australia has not seen the emergence of any major new sector such as telecommunications in Finland and Sweden, oil in Norway, semiconductors in Korea and Taiwan and motor vehicles in Germany. The report argues that an effective national innovation system plays a central role in enhancing competitive capability. If current weaknesses in Australias innovation track record are not addressed, our future economic development will be seriously impeded. Legal close regulation of key economic sectors, he Australian economy will have to increasingly address environmental and Aboriginal issues. Environmental damage caused by mining and agriculture, especially, have come under frequent media attack. Current issues include soil erosion caused by overgrazing, urbanization, and poor farming practices; increases in soil salinity largely due to farming practices; depletion of fresh water supplies, again largely due to farming and urbanization; and coastal damage, especially around the Great Barrier Reef on the Queensland coast, caused by shipping and extensive tourism. Mining impacts on the environment, such as the release of toxic substances, tend to be more localized. Mining and agricultural enterprises are becoming more responsive to environmental issues, but there is still room for improvement. Envt emergence of a green economy in Australia Energy industries have emerged as the greatest emitter of green houses gases in Australia. LEGAL/REGULTORY FACTORS Australia, the member of OECD escaped the Global financial crisis. OECD mentioned that Australiaâ„ ¢s strong regulatory frameworks and sound policies have helped Australia weather the global crisis better than the other OECD countries. The monetary and fiscal policy played a key role in supporting the Australian economy MONETARY policy The Reserve Bank of Australia is responsible for formulating and implementing monetary policy. Since the early 1990s, inflation targeting has been the main objective of Australias monetary policy framework as controlling inflation preserves the value of money. The current inflation rate is 2.80% and the RBA has set policy to achieve an inflation rate of 2-3 per cent on average. The inflation target is achieved through periodic adjustments to the Central Bank interest rate target i.e. the interbank rate (cash rate) at which the banks lend to each other overnight for cash flow purposes. To control inflation, the interest rate plays a significant role ¦.if interest rate is high, the aggregate demand tends to lower thus stabilizing the prices. In 2010, there was constant rise in the interest rate and the now the current interest rate has been maintained at 4.75% The rate of inflation tends to increase when the overall demand for goods and services exceeds the economys capacity to sustainably supply goods and services. Hence To help avoid the country falling in recession, the Australian central bank cut interest rates to a 45-year low of 3.25% in February. FISCAL POLICY Fiscal policy uses two actions:-Taxation and Government spending to steer the economy. Taxation

Relationship that Exist between Workers and their Bosses Essay

Relationship that Exist between Workers and their Bosses - Essay Example Lawson (2003) defines management control as a process during which the business management practitioners follow a systematic procedure to compare the performance against the set objectives to ensure that they do conform to the standards set by the organization. They are meant to ensure that the employers work in the most efficient manner, that the corporate resources are used in the most effective way, and that organizational objectives are achieved. The management is meant to set standards, measure actual performance, and solve problems (taking corrective actions). Therefore, the management control has the following stages: Planning – setting of the organizational objectives that are well understood and agreed upon, measurable in time, achievable, consistent, and require available resources Programming – setting up of strategies of achieving the set objectives, taking into accounts the restraints of the organization. Result checking – checking whether the set ob jectives of the organization have been achieved. ... Labor is the process by which nature and man participate in achieving a certain function. The man starts, regulates, and controls the actions that take place between the function and nature. Labor is taken to be human by supposition. At the end of every labor process, the result that is found corresponds to what already existed in imagination before the work started (Albert & Hahnel, n.d). Man’s activities during which the resources are used are, therefore, essential in the labor process. The process is accepted depending on the product manufactured at the end of the process. Art, for example, is the product of all the artistic work done by the artist, from the initial stages to the realization of the final product. Though products are a use value of the labor process, other products of the previous labor enter into the use value in the form of production. When taken from the perspective of process, a product is a subject of labor and also a means of production, qualifying lab or to be considered as productive. Young (1974) argues that unlike the extraction industries where the labor material is provided instantly by nature, industries have to convert raw materials through labor. Every product is realized after a series of processes takes place during transformation. All this transformation requires a supervisor, who has to offer services in the form of labor, so that a final product that conforms to the objectives is produced or realized. Raw materials being the primary subjects of a final product, they should be used by instruments of labor; these materials have to be used so that the end product can be realized. An example is petroleum that has to be used by an engine so that work and movement can be achieved in a vehicle; the raw products at the end cannot